Phases of Capitalism - Mercantile, Classical and Keynesian

Link between Law, Democracy, and Governement Essay

Connection between Law, Democracy, and Governement - Essay Example Majority rules system doesn't focus on an individual’s supposition. The United States Government, however having republic states in it, the consistent infringement of laws and the battle of the representatives appear to have made an unfaithful climate for the worker encompassing. The connection that goes in the middle of law, majority rules system and the administration approaches centers around an imbalanced circumstance where just least advantages are noticeable for the representative network. The overview reports given in a portion of the diaries, magazines and in sites show us the outcomes just as the underlying drivers for such an imbalanced disposition going in the midst of the legislature and the workers. The general estimation is that the United When all is said in done all types of vote based government relies upon their acknowledgment of populace be it aggregative or deliberative or participatory. The United State Government centers around its hold, in the sense; less possibility are given to the populace to take a crack at any participatory exercises, for example, requesting their privileges. US follow the Federal Government, which works under the initiative of President, Vice-President, Congress and the Senate. This type of rule is the predominant characteristic of United States. Each resident is exposed to comply with the three administering bodies, for example, [1].The Federal Government, [2]. The State and [3] County. The State Government has its own duties. The occasions occurring inside a concerned state should go under the management of the State it self. The occasions or matters incorporate property guidelines, industry, business, and other open necessities lastly the criminal area of that specific state. The point of the Federal Government is to take a gander at the State as a republic and simultaneously the State ought not make a move in inconsistency o the principles or laws of the Federal Government. The State Government on the Whole is viewed

What You Should Know About Kleptomania

What You Should Know About Kleptomania Psychotherapy Print What You Should Know About Kleptomania Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 26, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 SpeedKingz/istockphoto More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Kleptomania is a condition characterized by an irresistible urge to steal. People will steal items that they do not need, that they could afford to buy, or that have little to no monetary value. Individuals with kleptomania experience tension that is relieved by committing the theft.?? Kleptomania often emerges sometime during adolescence and appears more commonly in women than in men.?? Because stealing is illegal, this disorder can lead to significant legal consequences. People with kleptomania may face arrest, trial, and incarceration as a result of their symptoms. One study of clinical patients found that more than 68 percent of those with kleptomania had been arrested for stealing. Just over 20 percent of these patients had been convicted and incarcerated for their crimes.?? Signs and Symptoms According to the diagnostic criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-5, kleptomania is characterized by a repeated inability to resist the urge to steal. People with this condition experience a buildup of tension before the theft and a consequent release of anxiety and tension when committing a theft. Stealing results in feelings of gratification, relief, and even pleasure.?? While the theft may relieve the tension the individual was experiencing, he or she  may be left with feelings of guilt and remorse following the crime. Feelings of shame, self-recrimination, and remorse are quite common following a stealing episode.?? It is important to note that kleptomania does not involve theft for personal gain.?? People with this condition are not stealing things based on a financial incentive or because they covet the items that they take. These thefts are also not related to not being able to afford the items in question. In many cases, the items themselves may hold little to no monetary value. Sometimes an individual with kleptomania will store the items away somewhere, often never to be looked at or used. Others may rid themselves of the stolen objects by giving them away to friends and family or even by returning them to the place where they were taken from. Episodes of theft usually do not involve elaborate planning and often occur spontaneously.?? People with this condition may be in a public setting such as a mall or supermarket when the urge to steal strikes. The intensity of these urges can vary. People with this condition may avoid committing thefts when the likelihood is high that their shoplifting will be detected, such as when store personnel or law enforcement is nearby. Key Symptoms of Kleptomania Include: A repeated failure to resist the impulse to stealStealing items of no value or that one does not needFeelings of relief or pleasure during the theft What Else Could It Be? Kleptomania is distinguished from normal shoplifting because shoplifters typically plan their thefts and perform this behavior to acquire items they desire but cannot afford. Individuals with kleptomania, on the other hand, steal spontaneously in order to relieve the tension that continues to build if they do not act.?? Kleptomania can occur alone, but it often appears alongside other conditions as well. People with this condition may be prone to substance use and  anxiety, as well as other disorders associated with impulse control.?? Some other disorders that can occur alongside  kleptomania include:?? Mood disordersPanic disorderSeparation anxiety disorderBody dysmophic disorderObsessive compulsive disorderOther impulse control disorders The disorder has also been shown to be associated with substance and alcohol use. Some experts suggest there may be some type of shared genetic link between substance use disorders and kleptomania.?? Research has also found that 73 percent of individuals with kleptomania are also diagnosed with an affective disorder at some point in their lives.?? Studies also suggest similarly high co-morbidity rates with other psychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders.?? Between 43 and 55 percent of individuals with kleptomania have also been found to have a co-occurring personality disorderâ€"paranoid personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder being the most common. In order to diagnose kleptomania, it must first be established that the symptoms cannot be better explained by another psychiatric condition  such as conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder. Causes The exact causes of kleptomania are skill under investigation, although it is suggested that both genetic and environmental influences may play a role. Different perspectives in psychology have suggested a few possible explanations: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Psychoanalytic explanations for kleptomania have conceptualized it in a variety of ways. Some suggest that people are driven to obtain objects in order to symbolically compensate for some type of early loss or neglect.?? According to this approach, treatment for the disorder lies in discovering the underlying motivations for the behavior. The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach: Cognitive-behavioral explanations suggest the disorder may begin when an individual is positively reinforced for stealing something. After the first theft occurs with no negative consequences, it becomes more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. Eventually, the cues that become associated with the stealing actions become very strong, making it much more likely to continue. When a person finds themselves in a situation where similar environmental cues are present, they may find the overwhelming urge to steal simply irresistible. Because the act of stealing relieves the stress and tension the individual was experiencing, the behavior also becomes associated with stress relief. Over time, the individual may begin to steal as a means of coping with and relieving stress. The Biological Approach: Biological explanations suggest that the behavior may be linked to specific regions of the brain and possible dysregulation of certain neurotransmitters. Some studies have linked the emergence of kleptomania to dysfunction in the frontal lobe of the brain.?? In two reported cases, blunt trauma to the frontal lobe resulted in physical symptoms such as dizziness, behavioral symptoms such as aggression, and cognitive symptoms such as memory loss followed by the sudden emergence of kleptomania-related behaviors. Studies have also shown that SSRIs have been used to effectively treat kleptomania, indicating that the regulation of serotonin might be involved.?? Other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and endogenous opiods may also play a role in the development of the disorder. Prevalence Just how common is kleptomania? It is thought to be relatively rare. Estimates place the lifetime prevalence at somewhere between 0.3 to 0.6 of the population, although it has also been suggested that the real number may be higher.?? Some suggest:?? The exact prevalence of kleptomania is not known but it is estimated to impact approximately 1.2 million U.S. adults, or 6 out of every 1000 adults.It is estimated that kleptomania accounts for 5 percent of all shoplifting, translating to an annual economic loss of around $500 million. Because people may feel embarrassed or ashamed of their condition, the disorder is thought to be underreported. National data assessing the prevalence in the general population does not exist, but numbers pulled from clinical samples suggest that kleptomania may be much more common than previously believed. For example, one study of clinical patients found that nearly 3.4-28 percent reported current symptoms consistent with kleptomania.?? Diagnosis Kleptomania is typically diagnosed by a physician or mental health professional. Because kleptomania commonly co-occurs with other conditions such as eating disorders, substance and alcohol abuse, and anxiety disorders, it is often diagnosed when people are referred to a doctor for their comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis may also occur if the symptoms of kleptomania have led to an arrest for stealing. Upon initial examination by a medical doctor, the patient may be referred to a psychologist or psychiatrist for further evaluation. Diagnosis may involve utilizing patient interviews and a review of legal records. Administering psychometric scales such as the Kleptomania Symptoms Assessment Scale (K-SAS) or the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Modified for Kleptomania (K-YBOCS) may also be useful in making a diagnosis.?? The secretive nature of the disorder, as well as associated feelings of guilt and shame, can interfere with diagnosis and treatment. In some cases, people only receive a diagnosis and treatment due to contact with the legal system as a result of being caught committing a theft. Treatment Two of the most common treatments for kleptomania include: Medications: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as well as other antidepressants, have shown effectiveness in treating the symptoms of kleptomania?? and may be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy targets both the thoughts and behaviors that contribute to stealing and has been shown to have some effectiveness at managing the symptoms of kleptomania.?? Psychotherapy is often a first line of treatment for impulse control disorders, with a goal of helping the patient learn to recognize their urges, discover why they act on these impulses, and find more appropriate ways to relieve  urges and tension. Recently there has been a shift toward using psychopharmacological interventions alongside psychotherapeutic approaches. Early intervention and effective treatment are  important in order to help people experiencing the symptoms of kleptomania avoid unnecessary distress and associated legal consequences of their condition. It is also important to treat any co-occurring conditions that may be present with the appropriate interventions. A Word From Verywell Kleptomania is a serious psychiatric condition that can have a major impact on an individuals functioning and life. Not only can the disorder lead to significant distress, it can also result in serious legal consequences for people who are caught stealing. Arrest, incarceration, and legal costs are not uncommon for those with kleptomania. Fortunately, there are steps that you can take if you or someone you know has kleptomania. With appropriate treatment, you can find ways to cope with your impulses and replace negative behaviors with more beneficial ones. If you suspect that you may have kleptomania, consult your doctor or a mental health professional to determine a treatment plan that is most appropriate for your needs.

Easy and Completely Edible Slime Recipe

Most slime recipes are non-toxic, but there are only a few you can eat and none that taste as good as this one! Heres how to make edible slime. Edible Slime Ingredients 14 oz. can of  sweetened condensed milk1 tablespoon of cornstarchfood coloring (or you could add a little unsweetened powdered drink mix)couple of drops vanilla or other flavoring, if desired Make the Edible Slime In a saucepan over low heat, stir together the milk and cornstarch. Stir and heat until the mixture thickens. Remove from heat.Stir in the coloring and any flavorings. Allow the slime to cool.Enjoy! When you are finished playing with this slime, store it in a sealed plastic bag in the refrigerator. Refrigerated slime is good for a day or two. You can clean up the edible slime with warm soapy water. If you added food coloring or drink mix, keep the slime away from surfaces which could be colored, such as carpet or upholstery.

Essay on The Striding Apis Bull - 826 Words

The Striding Apis Bull The Apis Bull originated in Memphis, cult of Serapis during the reign of Ptolemy I. Serapis was the god whose association with Osiris, the god of the dead, formed the name Asar-Hapi. Asar is the Egyptian name of Osiris and Hapi was the name given to the Apis Bull which was the object of worship at Memphis. The Greeks combined the two together to form Zaparrus. Even though it is not quite clear, it is certain that Serapis is the shape Apis took after death. â€Å"Apis is called the â€Å"life of Osiris, the lord of heaven, tem (with) his horns (in) his head .†He is said to give life, strength, and health to thy nostrils forever.† At the beginning of the new Empire Osiris and Apis are united by priests of Memphis to†¦show more content†¦Once the he was chosen he was brought to Memphis where he was enthroned in his own palace located south of the temple Ptah. Everyday he was let free to roam in the courtyard of the temple for devotees to observe. They believed that the bull’s movements could fortell the future. The Apis Bulls birthday was celebrated with a festival, and on his twenty-fifth birth year he was killed. Devotees drowned, mummified, and entombed the mummy in the Serapeum.† The Serpeum was an underground chamber in the temple. It is also known as Saqqar Necropolis. â€Å"Here he is mourned for seventy days.† This ritualistic killing was probably very symbolic of the sacrificial slaying of the king, which was a rite common in pre dynastic times. â€Å"After the bulls death a new incarnation of the god was sought, and when the right calf was found, the process was begun again.†3 The Striding Apis Bull is 18x22 7/8 inches. It is carved out of Serpentinite and has a dark polished look to it. The body structure of the bull is carved in proportion and has a nice smooth surface. The shape of the bull is very round and natural. However, below its horns on the back of its neck there are rough white lines that have been carved out. I can clearly tell that these lines have symbolic meaning. The lines roughly cross the neck and upper back forming an interesting pattern. The bull looks as

Representations of Men in Advertising Free Essays

What is a man? This question may be odd to hear, but it’s a question that is answered constantly by advertisers in print ads and television commercials, all with different approaches. But he question the advertises are asking is â€Å"What images of men will sell my product? â€Å". There is the image of the rebel, the masculine heroes, the violent or aggressive man, or the classic ‘Gentleman’. We will write a custom essay sample on Representations of Men in Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now In recent years we see advertisers moving closer towards the image of the ‘modern man’. The modern man, also known as the metro-sexual man, can be defined as well groomed, health and body conscious, and well dressed. The deconstruction of the two advertisements, Ralph Lauren and Michelob Ultra, accentuate this image and show its influence on the male audience. The Michelob Ultra advertisement preys on the modern mans body image perceptions, and uses them to create a desire for their product. The ad depicts an athletic swimmer, of whom we are to believe consumes the product, getting out of the pool, a picture of the product, and the heading â€Å"Lose the Carbs. Not the taste†. The caption â€Å"†¦ this is your fountain of youth† insinuates that this product will keep you healthy youthful, while being able to enjoy alcohol. There is a famous quote from Edgar A. Schoaff that reads, â€Å"Advertising is the art of making whole lies, out of half truths†. This ad from Michelob is a perfect example of this. In reality, the beer still contains carbs, almost the same amount as regular beer, but using an almost irrelevant idea of low carbs and transforming it into a, for lack of a better term, ‘healthy’ beer. This misleading idea forces easily persuaded body conscious males to believe in their product. Ultimately, this kind of advertising manipulates males thoughts and plants false images of an unattainable body. The ‘modern man’ look has grown increasingly more popular due to advertisers push to make men obsessing over their own body image. The advertisement for Ralph Lauren targets these image wise men and positions themselves as the ‘right’ image. The ad is almost completely in black and white, with just the brand name, â€Å"Ralph Lauren† standing out in the background. The contrast makes for a striking and eye catching advertisement, with a hint of panache. It depicts three young men hurdling over a tennis net, boasting their clothes and style. Thre three men are racing, playing off men’s stereotypical competitiveness and pursuit to be the best. The ad suggests that Ralph Lauren will help you get there. David Foster Wallace sums this up with his quote, â€Å"It did what all ads are supposed to do: create an anxiety relievable by purchase†. The anxiety is the endeavour to be the best and the brand will help you in that objective. Therefore, this ad boasts itself as an image of what the modern man should strive for. As a result of the many advertising archetypes presented and beliefs about normalcy, young men are growing up being bombarded by different representations and images of males and find it impossible to not fall victim of them. Young men are often enticed to emulate what they see on the television, hear on the radio or read on a newspaper ad. The allure of the lifestyle presented in advertising is most often great enough to coax the consumer to buy into it. These facts are supported by the aforementioned advertisements. Both similar in regards to target audiences, and give impressions of the modern man. One of perfect body aspirations, and the other a pursuit for the perfect look. But both simultaneously give people ambitions to be the modern man. How to cite Representations of Men in Advertising, Papers

Internship Report free essay sample

The internship report should be properly typed. Submitted both in hard copy as well as soft copy. †¢The internship report should be original, no photocopies are accepted. †¢The length of your Internship Report should not exceed 5,000 words. Use standard formal level of English (no slang or colloquialisms). †¢Use a good quality white bond paper. †¢Student should adhere to the timings for submission of report. No excuse will be entertained in any case. †¢Note: Delay in submission of internship report will attract PENALTY. WRITING RULES †¢Pages must be numbered †¢All margins (Left, Right, Top, Bottom) must be 1 inch. †¢All Headings Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Sub Headings. Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Body Text – 13 pts Times New Roman †¢All line spacing must be 1. 5 points Complete report and all paragraphs must be fully justified †¢Bind the Internship report in a suitable protective cover. OUTLINE FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT Recommended format to be followed: 1*Title page: The title page of the report will include: a. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The names of the organization b. The name of the internee, Student ID c. The date of the final report d. Name of the university 2* Dedication Write down the dedication of your internship report. 3*Acknowledgement Write down the Acknowledgement for your internship report. 4*Executive Summary : The summary is considered by many to be the most important part of a report. It is a difficult part to write and should always be written last. (normally just one page). Purpose: Provides a brief summary of the report, information abstract. No reference is made to any part of the report; a summary is complete in itself. Content: †¢States the most important information in the report. †¢The purposes, method, reason for the report. †¢The findings, conclusions, decisions, recommendations . †¢All major generalizations or assumptions of the report. for An Executive Summary deals with every section of the report in a short form. It can be called as micro image of the report. An executive summary is overview of the complete report which helps the reader to get quick glance at the report before reading it in detail. Everything important that you have done, discovered and concluded should be mentioned, but briefly and concisely. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT (FOR ATC STUDENTS ONLY) All the students are required to follow the following instructions: †¢Each student will have to submit the report in the recommended format. †¢Internship report is an individual task. One cannot submit the same report as the other students, each report has to be different, even if the company is same. The internship report should be properly typed. Submitted both in hard copy as well as soft copy. †¢The internship report should be original, no photocopies are accepted. †¢The length of your Internship Report should not exceed 5,000 words. †¢Use standard formal level of English (no slang or colloquialisms). †¢Use a good quality white bond paper. †¢Student should adhere to the timings for submission of report. No excuse will be entertained in any case. †¢Note: Delay in submission of internship report will attract PENALTY. WRITING RULES †¢Pages must be numbered †¢All margins (Left, Right, Top, Bottom) must be 1 inch. All Headings Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Sub Headings Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Body Text – 13 pts Times New Roman †¢All line spacing must be 1. 5 points †¢Complete report and all paragraphs must be fully justified †¢Bind the Internship report in a suitable protective cover. OUTLINE FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT Recommended format to be followed: 1*Title page: The title page of the report will include: a. The names of the organization b. The name of the internee, Student ID c. The date of the final report d. Name of the university 2* Dedication Write down the dedication of your internship report. 3*Acknowledgement Write down the Acknowledgement for your internship report. 4*Executive Summary : The summary is considered by many to be the most important part of a report. It is a difficult part to write and should always be written last. (normally just one page). Purpose: Provides a brief summary of the report, information abstract. No reference is made to any part of the report; a summary is complete in itself. Content: †¢States the most important information in the report. †¢The purposes, method, reason for the report. †¢ The findings, conclusions, decisions, recommendations . †¢All major generalizations or assumptions of the report. or An Executive Summary deals with every section of the report in a short form. It can be called as micro image of the report. An executive summary is overview of the complete report which helps the reader to get quick glance at the report before reading it in detail. Everything important that you have done, discovered and concluded should be mentioned, but briefly and concisely. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT (FOR ATC STUDENTS ONLY) All the students are required to follow the following instructions: †¢Each student will have to submit the report in the recommended format. Internship report is an individual task. One cannot submit the same report as the other students, each report has to be different, even if the company is same. †¢The internship report should be properly typed. Submitted both in hard copy as well as soft copy. †¢The internshi p report should be original, no photocopies are accepted. †¢The length of your Internship Report should not exceed 5,000 words. †¢Use standard formal level of English (no slang or colloquialisms). †¢Use a good quality white bond paper. †¢Student should adhere to the timings for submission of report. No excuse will be entertained in any case. Note: Delay in submission of internship report will attract PENALTY. WRITING RULES †¢Pages must be numbered †¢All margins (Left, Right, Top, Bottom) must be 1 inch. †¢All Headings Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Sub Headings Times New Roman 13 pts Bold †¢All Body Text – 13 pts Times New Roman †¢All line spacing must be 1. 5 points †¢Complete report and all paragraphs must be fully justified †¢Bind the Internship report in a suitable protective cover. OUTLINE FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT Recommended format to be followed: 1*Title page: The title page of the report will include: a. The names of the organization . The name of the internee, Stu dent ID c. The date of the final report d. Name of the university 2* Dedication Write down the dedication of your internship report. 3*Acknowledgement Write down the Acknowledgement for your internship report. 4*Executive Summary : The summary is considered by many to be the most important part of a report. It is a difficult part to write and should always be written last. (normally just one page). Purpose: Provides a brief summary of the report, information abstract. No reference is made to any part of the report; a summary is complete in itself. Content: States the most important information in the report. †¢The purposes, method, reason for the report. †¢The findings, conclusions, decisions, recommendations . †¢All major generalizations or assumptions of the report. for An Executive Summary deals with every section of the report in a short form. It can be called as micro image of the report. An executive summary is overview of the complete report which helps the reader to get quick glance at the report before reading it in detail. Everything important that you have done, discovered and concluded should be mentioned, but briefly and concisely. Internship Report free essay sample Achievements Skills learned concerning office etiquette and mannerism will for sure be an asset. The mode of dressing, not to mention office language and courtesy were major learning achievements. The three months stay at the KNBS has afforded me the opportunity to acquire and develop skills that are very necessary in the job market. I also enjoyed working with statisticians, demographers, samplers and economists, who gave me the challenge and passion to endure in my academic endeavors. The work environment capacitated my ability to initiate problem solving and systematic thinking skills. More so the virtues of high work ethics and office integrity, maturity and ability to work without supervision. Adding to experience and skills were the three supervisors who were supervising us and of which we consulted them time to time whenever we encountered problems with the data, as they were trained and self motivated persons, and helped us to develop ourselves and to achieve the required skills and meeting deadlines. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The culture within KNBS has moulded me into a highly proactive team player ready to work under pressure. It’s in dealing with the vast national data that I developed a strong analytical knowledge of government systems, NGO’s and international agencies. The operations within KNBS revolve purely on statistics. CHAPTER THREE Conclusion The most difficult part of this job is that one has to remain seated throughout the day with only a lunch break in between, keying in data which is really challenging as there is a lot of monotony. One cannot solely rely on hard work but also speed in using the keyboard and also accuracy lest you make errors. KNBS is a good organization to work for, a reputable growing rganization which provides ample opportunity for students to polish their skills and broaden their minds while gaining experience of practical life and to work with a lot of talented and experienced people who are always adding something to your knowledge. Also helps students be ready to enter the job market which is faced with stiff competition. Thus this opportunity offers stud ents an upper hand in employment opportunity upon recommendation from the organization. All in all, the experience of working and learning at the same time in such a reputable organization is awesome. Employees there would not show attitude and even supervisors passing by would crack a joke or pass a comment and leave you enjoying it for the day. It will be an unforgettable experience of my life where I learnt the way to interact and polish my abilities at the organization level, had the experience and exposure of performing and handling tasks, supervisor and subordinate relation and development of skills and was able to practically apply my studies of statistics and data handling and I wish to work them in future after completing my degree in Economics and Statistics. Never have I felt bored, bright and full of life are the workdays at KNBS professional environment and friends I have, and made, work you enjoy. That’s what KNBS is all about. Recommendations * Engage the attaches in more rigorous activities like in research for other indicators using data available: statisticians are meant to be researchers. * Encourage the KNBS staff to incorporate the students in all of their activities related to office e. . field activities i. e. surveys etc. * The bureau should be ready to co-worker with other experts and higher institutions of learning through statistical joint forums or symposiums to discuss their challenges; successes and where assistance is needed help one another. * The Ministry of Planning and National Development, under which KNBS falls should provide remuneration(an allowance) to students which will make life a little more bearable Internship Report free essay sample I have concentrated my best effort to achieve the objectives of the report and hope that my endeavor will serve the purpose. Working 60 days in Mercantile Bank Limited, Main Branch was a worth while experience for me as it helped to combine practical experience with my theoretical knowledge. Sincerely yours, Shahinor Rahaman MBA 15th batch Class Roll:14488 Exam Roll: 2006/35 University of Chittagong. Acknowledgement Many people have contributed to the writing of this internship report. I acknowledge my indebtedness with deep appreciation to K. M Golam Mohiuddin, honorable supervisor of my internship program and Assistant Professor of School of Business, who assigned me to prepare this report on â€Å"Credit Policy Practice of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh, A Study on Mercantile Bank Ltd. ’’. I am especially indebted to Md. Rabiul Islam, Senior Vice President Head of Branch of Mercantile Bank Ltd. whose direct cooperation recommendation helped me to get such a nice internship immediately when getting an internship was an urgent requirement. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would convey my cordial thanks to Md. Abdus Salam, Vice President Manager Operation of Main Branch. My innumerable thanks heartiest gratitude always will be to Mr. Md. Fakhruzzaman Chowdhury, AVP In charge of Credit Division of MBL Main Branch. I am indebted forever to him and without his help successful preparation of this report was really impossible for me. I am also grateful to the other executives officers of Mercantile Bank, Main branch. I am also grateful to our Departmental Chairman, for giving me an identity with which I could work at Main Branch of Mercantile Bank Ltd. Through doing this report, I have extracted more precise knowledge about various terms related to policy practice of credit. Finally, I would like to express thanks to my entire course teacher and the Department for introducing such academic work. Shahinor Rahman Abstract In Banks and Financial Institutions, Credit Risk is considered as an essential factor that needs to be managed. Credit Risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with the agreed terms. Credit Risk, therefore, arises from the Bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals and other Banks or Financial Institutions. Credit Risk Management needs to be a robust process that enables Banks to proactively manage loan portfolios in order to minimize losses and earn an acceptable level of return for shareholders. Mercantile Bank prepared Credit Policy in May 2000 and circulated the same to the Branches / concerned Executives for Compliance which was revised in August 2003. In order to cope with the fast changing scenario of dynamic global economy, liberalization and globalization and in the light of the directives / suggestions of the Focus group of Bangladesh Bank, the Credit Policy has been revised in October, 2005. All Executives / Officers of the Branch as well as Head Office especially those are entrusted with the responsibility of Credit marketing, approval processing, credit monitoring, recovery and compliance, must keep themselves thoroughly conversant with the contents of the Credit Policy for meticulous compliance. MBL is to does everything within the context of its policy and Bangladesh Bank guidelines. Every private commercial bank formulates its policy for their operations to keep banks viable and profitable and also for the safeguard of depositors’ interest. Practices of Credit are however, subject to additions, alternations and modifications as may be warranted by the change of circumstances due to passage of time, to suit the requirement of the Bank. Whatever the policy of Bangladesh Bank is most of the private commercial banks are inclined to invest in the highly profitable sector simultaneously where risks are lower. Only the credit department has been covered in the internship program, it is not possible to go to the depth of each activities of branch because of time limitation. In this report those credit schemes are high lighted only which are most familiar to common people as well as frequently practiced by a bank especially MBL Main Branch. And only the parts relevant to my focusing fields have been taken, thus the actual credit Policy has been shortened to facilitate the study. MBL discourages the persons who are inclined to get loan for their urgent purpose. Mode of disbursement, charge documents etc. creates bottleneck in loan approval process. Head office takes so longer time in processing and approval of corporate loan. The total sanctioning process event takes month after month to give the final decision. MBL does not sanction loan to all sectors equally as they require, rather it concentrates its loan and advances within some limited fields and category. It has Credit Card facilities, but ATM booths are located only in some commercial hubs in the city. Again the terms and conditions of the credit card are not changes with the changing environment. That’s why ATM card holders most often don’t take credit card facilities even in some cases employee of MBL use other banks’ credit card. Consumer credit schemes (CCS) are more popular and required things among the people of various classes, but the effective rate of interest is very high. And the terms and conditions of CCS loan are also very inconvenient and discourage people. Loan sanctioning and disbursement procedure are not so easy and flexible being considered the requirements of different classes of people. Sector wise loans in agro based industries and firms, leather technology can be convenient and flexible for the receiver. Loan facility parameter should be expanded so that all the people can get loan according to their needs. Average cost of fund is very high. On the contrary Business Power for sanctioning loans and advances at branch level is negligible. Lots of new commercial bank has been established in last few years and these banks have made this banking sector very competitive. So, now banks have to organize their operation and do their operations according to the need of the market. Banking sectors no more depends on a traditional method of banking. In this competitive world this sector has trenched its wings wide enough to cover any kind of financial services anywhere in this world. The major task for banks, to survive in this competitive environment is by managing its assets and liabilities in an efficient way. Every organization has its positive as well as negatives and in case of Mercantile Bank Limited existence of the later one is less then the earlier one and as the management is determined to reach the pick of success it seems that in near future the negatives will be eliminated. Eight years is a very short span of time and the organization, which can establish itself as one of the most reputed private commercial Bank in the country within this short period deserves special credit and with their able leaders Mercantile Bank will reach the highest level of success very shortly. Internship Report free essay sample Guidelines for Writing Internship Reports Objective Writing reports is one of the most formal ways of presenting the results of a project. Reports can be written about any professional activity including experimental or test results, design proposals, economic or technical feasibility studies and project summaries. They usually follow a major effort on a single topic and are written for review by people involved in decision making or affected by their work. Internship students are asked to write an Internship Report for a number of reasons, including practice in the following: Organizing and presenting a large amount of information elated toa problem. Interpreting relevant information. Evolving relevant conclusions which result in recommendations. Essential Elements An Internship Report contains four essential parts. However, it may also contain other information and be laid out under different tiles. These essential parts are: A clear definition of the problem addressed by the study. Ђ The details of the study including: assumptions, alternatives, and predicted outcomes; Conclusions following from the details. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recommendations derived from the conclusions and addressing the problem. Recommendations are required in your Internship Report. Guidelines for Writing Internship Reports Choosing a Topic Your Internship Report should be based on a specific aspect of the relevant organization where you intend doing your internship, e. g. HR, Finance, Marketing, Logistics, etc. Hence you should research a topic that is related to your work or place of internship. In this regard ,a generalized study report will not be acceptable. Style The Internship Report is expected to be analytical rather than descriptive. It should contain accurate, factual information together with sound arguments and conclusions. The format of the report should normally follow the guidelines provided n RD Research Book issued by RD Office. General Guidelines The length of your Internship Report should not exceed 10,000 to 12000 words or 40 to 50 pages with 1. 5 line space, including appendices. The length should reflect the complexity of the topic and the thoroughness of the research. The Internship Report should be self-contained (explain any terminology particular to the topic the first time you use it), consistent, and to the point. It should be 2 understandable to someone who nas background in the area ot the report but is unfamiliar with the particular topic of the report Use standard formal level of English (no slang or colloquialisms). Use the first person only in the letter of transmittal and in the preface. Use a good quality white bond paper. Use only one side of the page for all text and fgures. Start major sections of the report on new pages. Bind the Internship Report in a suitable protective cover. Number the pages: DAII pages that come before the body of the report are numbered using lower case Roman numerals. The title page is considered to be page 1, but is not numbered. o The body of the Report begins with the introduction. The pages of the body are given in Arabic numerals. The first page of the introduction is considered to be page 1, but it is not numbered. Leave margins of 1 on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. Internship Report Format The following shows the pattern that should be used for the Internship report: *optional 3 Detailed Section Information The following information explains the purpose and suggested content of each of the Internship Report sections. Include only those sections and content which are appropriate for your topic. Cover Purpose: Provides a binding for the report, identifies the topic and owner of the eport. Content: Otitle of the report Oname of the student Olnternship Course Number (i. . CICS 500) Olnternship Employer Odate report submitted 9 Guidelines for Writing Internship Reports Letter of Transmittal (loose attachment to report slip inside front cover) Purpose: A brief covering letter, addressed to the first official reader Content: Oname of manager and department for whom the report was prepared Oterms of reference of the report Oauthorization, degree of confidentiality of report Ogeneral comm ents on the nature of and the time involved in the investigation Oa comment on the quality of the recommendations Omust be written in formal business letter style and signed in long-hand Oflrst person may be used Title Page Purpose: Identifies the topic and ownership of the report. Content: Otitle of the report (clearly identifies the subject of the report) Oname of the addressee or recipient, Army Public College of Management Sciences Ostudent, student ID ODate and place Pretace or Foreword Purpose: Provides reader with background of writing the report. Content: Opurpose, background, scope of subject coverage Ocontributions of others to the report Summary 4 The summary is considered by many to be the most important part of a report. It is a difficult part to write and should always be written last. It is often the only part that managers in the work place have time to read, so it is important to state your case succinctly (normally less than one page). Purpose: Provides a brief summary of the report, an information abstract. No reference is made to any part of the report; a summary is complete in itself. Content: Ostates the more important information in the report Othe purposes, method, reason for the report Othe findings, conclusions, decisions, recommendations Dall major generalizations or assumptions of the report The title page is considered to be page l, but is not numbered. The summary is sometimes called the Management Summary or Executive Summary. You may write the preface, or foreword, in the first person. 10 Guidelines for Writing Technical Reports Table of Contents Purpose: Identifies contents and organization of document. Content: Osection headings Opage numbers List of Figures (optional) Purpose: Identifies any figures, drawings, or photographs shown in the report. Content: Onumber of figures Otitle of fgures Opage number List of Tables (optional) Purpose: Identifies any tables shown in the report Content: Onumber of table Otitle of table Opage number Introduction Purpose: Introduces the subject of the report to the reader. Remember that the reader may be from a different branch of the discipline, and will require some orientation to the subject of your report. Content: Subject and purpose of the report: states briefly why the report is being written and what the report is intended to achieve. scope: describes how broad or how limited the treatment of the subject will be 0 5 Oplan of development: outlines which areas will be covered Othesis of the report: the general conclusion and/or the general recommendation Discussion Purpose: Presents evidence (facts, arguments, details, data, test results, etc) necessary to the purpose of the report. Content : This section contains the main part of the report. All evidence must be developed in an organized, logical and orderly manner. All information must be relevant. This section should contain pertinent fgures, tables, footnotes and references to material in appendices. Any additional supporting information should be placed in an appendix but referenced in the discussion. Any additional supporting intormation should be placed appendix but referenced in the discussion. Guidelines for Writing Internship Reports in an Conclusions Purpose: States briefly the major inferences that can be drawn from the discussion. Content: Omust be based on information presented in the discussion Deach conclusion should be presented as a separate paragraph, with paragraphs numbered in sequence for easy reference Onever suggest or recommend future action Recommendations P urpose: Suggests a course of action based on the findings and conclusions. Content: Omust follow logically from the conclusions Omust be supported both by the conclusions and by the data in the discussion References/Bibliography (optional) Purpose: Acknowledge use of materials from printed sources in the preparation of your report. Indicate exact source of all quotations and/or results of previous work. Content: Oauthors name, title of book, year published, publishers name, city, ISBN number, page number Obibliographic entries are listed alphabetically by the name of the author or by the first major work of the title OExample: Vetterli, C. Technical Report Guidelines, Internship Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1, August 1992. Ocommon knowledge does not require a reference, e. g. the peed of light, the atomic weight of some element. If a new value for a commonly accepted quantity is cited, the source should be referenced. Appendices (optional) Purpose: Includes data, which is not necessary to an immediate understanding of the discussion. Content: 6 Dappendices can contain program listings, drawings, extra figures, technical specifications, or other detailed explanations of some aspects of your Report. The conclusion should never suggest or recommend future action. References can be collected on one page at the end of the report, or they can be placed as footnotes on he bottom of the page on which the reference occurs. The term appendix applies to only one set of data: for example, program listings would be in Appendix A and technical specifications would be in Appendix B. 9 Guidelines for Writing Internship Reports Reference Material Every writer requires: Oa grammar handbook Oa good dictionary: Oxford is recommend Recommended grammar handbooks: 0Milward Flick, Handbook for Writers, Harcourt Brace, 2nd Edition, 1993. OPrentice-Hall, Handbook for Writers, 1st Edition, 1996. OStrunk and White, The Elements of Style, Collier Macmillan. 9